01 ) Structure

Tokens are combined with + to form a shortcut string. Order does not matter, the parser normalises modifiers before matching. Tokens are not case-sensitive, but uppercase is prefered to distinguish shortcut data from the surrounding code.

One modifier and one key

"mac_sc": "CMD+S", "pc_sc": "CTRL+S"

Multiple modifiers

"mac_sc": "CMD+SHIFT+Z", "pc_sc": "CTRL+SHIFT+Z"

Pipe | accepted alternatives

The system accepts any piped alternative as a correct answer. The chip always shows only the first alternative, so be sure to prioritise the preferred shortcut first. Give priority to memorability and universality.

"mac_sc": "CMD+ARROWLEFT|HOME" // Both accepted as correct. Chip shows ⌘+← only.

Key does not exist on this platform

Use the literal value NULL (not an empty string) when a shortcut does not exist on a given platform. This prevents the question appearing on that OS.

"mac_sc": "CMD+Q", "pc_sc": "NULL"

Best practice : use platform-native tokens

The system accepts CMD and OPT in PC fields and vice versa, normalising them internally. Using the native token for each platform makes JSON files far easier to read and audit. Mistakes between OS shortcuts are less likely and more apparent.

Mac fields — prefer

CMD   OPT   CONTROL   SHIFT

PC fields — prefer

CTRL   ALT   WIN   SHIFT

02 ) Modifier Keys

Modifiers appear on the graphical keyboard and light up when held. Left and right physical variants are interchangeable. Holding either satisfies the requirement.

Chip columns show the short form (used in multi-key shortcuts) then the long form (used when the shortcut has only one or two tokens).

Token Synonyms Mac chips PC chips Notes
CMD COMMAND
⌘ command
use CTRL in PC fields Maps to the ⌘ Command key on Mac. Accepted in PC fields as a synonym for CTRL.
CTRL CMD use CMD in Mac fields
Ctrl
Ctrl
PC primary command modifier. Accepted in Mac fields as a synonym for CMD.
SHIFT
⇧ Shift
⇧ Shift
OPT OPTION
⌥ option
use ALT in PC fields Mac Option key. Accepted in PC fields as a synonym for ALT.
ALT OPTION OPT use OPT in Mac fields
Alt
Alt
PC Alt key. Accepted in Mac fields as a synonym for OPT.
CONTROL
⌃ control
The physical ⌃ Control key on Mac — a separate modifier used in a small number of Mac shortcuts (e.g. CONTROL+CMD+V for Paste Special). Not to be confused with CTRL, which is the PC primary command modifier. Mac only
WIN WINDOWS
Win
Win
Windows key. Not present on Mac. PC only
FN FUNCTION
fn
fn
FN
FN
Actual keypresses cannot be detected by the browser, but the token can be defined for use with the graphical keyboard UI.

03 ) Named Keys

These appear on the graphical keyboard and light up when pressed.

Chip columns show the short form then the long form, as above.

Token Synonyms Mac chips PC chips
RETURN ENTER
↩ return
↵ enter
BACKSPACE DEL BACKDELETE
⌫ delete
⌫ Backspace
DELETE
⌦ delete
⌦ Delete
TAB
⇥ tab
Tab
Tab
SPACE SPACEBAR Space Space
ESCAPE ESC Esc Esc
CAPSLOCK
⇪ caps lock
Caps
Caps Lock
ARROWUP UP
↑ up
ARROWDOWN DOWN
↓ down
ARROWLEFT LEFT
← left
ARROWRIGHT RIGHT
→ right
BACKSPACE vs DELETE. These are two different keys. BACKSPACE (labelled "delete" on Mac, "Backspace" on PC) deletes the character behind the cursor. DELETE is forward delete — a separate key, only present on extended keyboards.

04 ) Letters, Digits & Function Keys

Letters : A through Z

Write the letter directly. Same on both platforms.

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Digits : 0 through 9

Write the digit directly. Same on both platforms.

0123456789

Function keys F1–F12 : graphical keyboard

Write the label directly. These appear on the graphical keyboard and light up when pressed. Same on both platforms.

F1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F9F10F11F12

Function keys F13–F24 : extended chip only  Extended

Not on the graphical keyboard. When pressed, these appear as a floating chip pill above the stats row. On Mac extended keyboards, the keys physically labelled PrintScreen / ScrollLock / Pause report to the browser as F13 / F14 / F15.

F13F14F15F16F17F18F19F20F21F22F23F24

05 ) Punctuation & Symbol Keys

Each physical key has an unshifted character and a shifted character. Use whichever token matches what the shortcut documentation refers to. The chip displays accordingly. Both tokens match the same physical key regardless of whether Shift is actually held.

Physical key Unshifted token → chip Shifted token → chip
= key EQUAL  = PLUS  +
- key MINUS  - UNDERSCORE  _
[ key BRACKETLEFT  [ OPENBRACE  {
] key BRACKETRIGHT  ] CLOSEBRACE  }
\ key BACKSLASH  \ PIPE  |
; key SEMICOLON  ; COLON  :
' key QUOTE  ' DOUBLEQUOTE  "
, key COMMA  , LESSTHAN  <
. key PERIOD  . MORETHAN  >
/ key SLASH  / QUESTION  ?
` key GRAVE  ` TILDE  ~
1 key 1  1 EXCLAMATION  !
2 key 2  2 AT  @
3 key 3  3 HASH  #
4 key 4  4 DOLLAR  $
5 key 5  5 PERCENT  %
6 key 6  6 CARET  ^
7 key 7  7 AMPERSAND  &
8 key 8  8 ASTERISK  *
9 key 9  9 OPENPAREN  (
0 key 0  0 CLOSEPAREN  )

Additional synonyms accepted by the parser: EQUALS = EQUAL, OPENBRACKET = BRACKETLEFT, CLOSEBRACKET = BRACKETRIGHT, BACKTICK = GRAVE. These produce identical behaviour to the primary token. Note: TILDE is not a synonym for GRAVE — it matches the same physical key but renders ~ on the chip, following the same pattern as all shifted-character tokens above.

06 ) Extended Keyboard Keys  Extended

These keys are not on the graphical keyboard. When pressed, they appear as a floating chip pill above the stats row rather than lighting a key. They can be used in shortcut definitions and are correctly matched and displayed.

Navigation cluster

TokenMac chipPC chipNotes
HOME ↖ home Home On Mac: also triggered by Fn+Left
END ↘ end End On Mac: also triggered by Fn+Right
PAGEUP ⇞ page up Page Up On Mac: also triggered by Fn+Up
PAGEDOWN ⇟ page down Page Down On Mac: also triggered by Fn+Down
INSERT Insert Not present on Mac keyboards PC
DELETE ⌦ delete ⌦ Delete Forward delete. Distinct from BACKSPACE.

System keys

TokenSynonymsChipPlatformNotes
PRINTSCREEN PrintScreen PC Mac extended keyboards report F13 instead
SCROLLLOCK ScrollLock PC Mac extended keyboards report F14 instead
PAUSE Pause PC Mac extended keyboards report F15 instead
NUMLOCK Number Lock PC PC NumLock key
CLEAR clear Mac Mac numpad Clear key. Distinct from NUMLOCK.
CONTEXTMENU APPS ContextMenu PC The menu key right of spacebar on many PC keyboards
HELP Help Mac Mac extended keyboard Help key

07 ) Numpad Keys  Extended

All numpad keys appear as extended chip pills. The system automatically lights the equivalent main keyboard key on the graphical keyboard where one exists.

No JSON changes needed for existing + shortcuts. The EQUAL and PLUS tokens already accept both the main keyboard = key and the numpad Add key as correct answers. Only use NUMPADADD if you specifically want to require the numpad key.
TokenChipGraphical keyboard key lit
NUMPAD0NUMPAD909Digit 0–9
NUMPADADD+= key
NUMPADSUBTRACT-- key
NUMPADMULTIPLY*8 key
NUMPADDIVIDE// key
NUMPADDECIMAL.. key
NUMPADENTERReturn / Enter key
NUMPADEQUAL== key
NUMPADCOMMA,, key

08 — Examples

Standard cross-platform shortcut

{ "display": "save the document", "mac_sc": "CMD+S", "pc_sc": "CTRL+S", "difficulty": 0 }

Different shortcut per platform

{ "display": "open find and replace", "mac_sc": "CMD+SHIFT+H", "pc_sc": "CTRL+H", "difficulty": 3 }

Mac-only shortcut

{ "display": "quit the application", "mac_sc": "CMD+Q", "pc_sc": "NULL", "difficulty": 1 }

Pipe — multiple accepted answers

{ "display": "go to line start", "mac_sc": "CMD+ARROWLEFT|HOME", // both accepted; chip shows ⌘+← only "pc_sc": "HOME", "difficulty": 2 }

Display override : chip shows the shifted symbol

{ "display": "increase font size", "mac_sc": "CMD+SHIFT+MORETHAN", // chip shows ⌘+⇧+> "pc_sc": "CTRL+SHIFT+MORETHAN", "difficulty": 2 }

Mac ⌃ Control key : distinct from CMD

{ "display": "paste special", "mac_sc": "CONTROL+CMD+V", // ⌃ and ⌘ are separate keys on Mac "pc_sc": "CTRL+ALT+V", "difficulty": 3 }

Extended key

{ "display": "go to first cell in worksheet", "mac_sc": "CONTROL+HOME", "pc_sc": "CTRL+HOME", "difficulty": 3 }

F-key shortcut

{ "display": "open spell check", "mac_sc": "F7", "pc_sc": "F7", "difficulty": 3}